Over the last twenty years, orthopaedic surgical training has gone through a significant transformation, moving away from the traditional apprenticeship model to a more focused, competency-based approach in the 21st century. The expanding range of materials and changes in operative techniques, such as minimally invasive approaches, have had a notable impact on how residents are trained, requiring more extensive and extended periods of training to reach proficiency. Organizations like the American Board of Surgery (ABS) and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) have introduced programs like Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and the Mastery in General Surgery Program, altering the way surgical education is structured.
Central to the future of orthopaedic surgery is the prioritization of education for residents and fellows. Educators can enhance their effectiveness by incorporating active, effortful, and repetitive engagement in lectures, setting clear expectations for progress in clinics, and breaking down procedural skills into manageable steps within a comprehensive framework. Assessment, feedback, and a remediation process contribute to building a strong connection between educators and trainees, fostering personal development and preventing trainees from falling behind.
Surgical safety, an increasing concern, has shifted its focus to non-technical performance rather than clinical competencies. Studies have indicated the importance of combining non-technical skills with technical training to enhance surgeons’ abilities and improve patient care. Understanding the specific requirements of orthopaedic surgeons in terms of non-technical skills is vital in addressing issues related to surgical safety.
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) marks a significant change in healthcare and surgical training. AI has become increasingly influential across industries, including medicine and surgery. As technology continues to shape the landscape, the impact of AI on healthcare and surgical training becomes more pronounced.
Recent trends in orthopaedic literature show a growing emphasis on education, although there is still a relative scarcity of publications. The evolving field of orthopaedics requires ongoing evaluation and promotion of evidence-based educational research by academic institutions and organizations. This proactive approach ensures that orthopaedic education aligns with the increasing demands faced by residents and practicing surgeons today and in the future.
Mentoring plays a critical role in the career development and personal growth of orthopaedic surgeons, despite facing obstacles in the medical field. Effective mentors, committed to their roles, provide skilled instructional support, model continuous learning, and communicate optimism. Given the underrepresentation of women and racial/ethnic minorities in orthopaedic surgery, mentoring becomes a crucial tool for diversifying the workforce. Overcoming obstacles, such as reluctance to seek help and time constraints, is essential for establishing productive mentoring relationships and inspiring the next generation of orthopaedic surgeons.
The ever-changing landscape of orthopaedic surgical education demands a comprehensive and innovative approach. By prioritizing education, integrating non-technical skills, embracing AI, promoting evidence-based research, and fostering effective mentoring relationships, the field ensures that orthopaedic surgeons are not only technically proficient but also equipped to navigate the evolving challenges of the future.
Sources:
Education Research in Orthopaedic Surgery
The Role of Mentoring in the Development of Successful Orthopaedic Surgeons
Mentorship in a Surgical Residency: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
The need for non-technical skills education in orthopedic surgery
How Artificial Intelligence Is Expected to Transform Surgical Training
